Knowledge of Morchella species diversity and their biogeographic distribution are crucial for formulating informed conservation policies directed at preventing species loss and ensuring that annual morel harvests are sustainable and ecologically sound.Īn abundant fruiting of a black morel was encountered in temperate northwestern New South Wales (NSW), Australia, during a mycological survey in Sep 2010. Our results indicate that there are roughly twice as many Morchella species in Turkey compared with the other regions of Europe sampled. Three of the putatively exotic species in Turkey appear to be endemic to western North America they are nested within a clade of fire-adapted morels that dates to the late Oligocene, 25 000 000 y ago. Nine species of Morchella currently are known only from Turkey, four species were present in Turkey and other European countries and seven species might have been introduced to Turkey anthropogenically. rufobrunnea these two species comprise a separate evolutionary lineage from the Esculenta and Elata clades. anatolica, recently described from a collection in Muğla province in the Aegean region of Turkey, is a closely related sister of M. Our preliminary results also indicate that M. Our analysis revealed that five species within the Esculenta clade (yellow morels) and 15 species within the Elata clade (black morels) were present in Turkey. Herein we report on phylogenetic analyses of 243 additional collections made in spring 20 from eight additional provinces in the Aegean, Black Sea, central Anatolia, eastern Anatolia and Marmara regions of Turkey. The current research builds on our recently published surveys of 10 Turkish provinces and the northern hemisphere in which DNA sequence data from 247 and 562 collections respectively were analyzed phylogenetically. The present study was conducted to better understand how the phylogenetic diversity of true morels (Morchella) in Turkey compares with species found in other regions of the world. galilaea group from Egypt with extensive characterization of morphology, habitat and molecular phylogeny. This study is the first description of a yellow morel belonging to the M. The natural morel-bearing site was characterized by sandy loam soil rich with humus, an average temperature of 10–20 ☌, and pH of 7.04. galilaea group with few differences in morphology. Genetic analysis of three DNA loci confirmed the identity as member of the M. Due to the polymorphic nature and plasticity of Morchella ascocarps, molecular analysis of the current Morchella was used for accurate classification and identification. Cylindrical and hyaline asci with eight elliptical, rough-walled ascospores and cylindric to subclavate short paraphyses were observed with electron microscopy. The stalk was hollow, with shallow ridges at the base and creamy to orange stain. The morel had a characteristic large, conical pileus with deep wide and irregular pits. The ascocarps were identified based on morphology as a Morchella sp. The taxonomic identity of the species was established using morphological and molecular tools. The Egyptian morel ascocarps were found and collected from fruit farms at El-Sinania (Damietta) during autumn of 2013–2016. Moreover, only very little information is available on its ecology. It was reported in some Mediterranean and African countries but not in Egypt. wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/_Morchella_galilaea_Masaphy_&_Clowez_703157.Morchella galilaea is a yellow morel recently separated from the Morchella esculenta group and characterized by fruiting in autumn.wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/_Morchella_.Masaphy_&_Clowez_703157.jpg?width=300.The type collection was made under plants in Israel. Molecular studies have shown that the fungus is found in China, Java, Hawaii, Israel, New Zealand, India, Turkey, and three countries in Africa. galilaea fruits in autumn (between October and December). Unlike most morels, which are characterized by spring season fruiting, M. Morchella galilaea is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae that was described as new to science in 2012.Morchella galilaea ist eine Schlauchpilzart (Ascomycota) aus der Familie der (Morchellaceae).
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